Chapter 12 – Political Parties
Political Parties
Government Party (politicians)
Organizational Party (organizers)
The Electorate (voters)
The Early history of American Political Parties
Federalists and Anti-Federalists
Hamilton and Jefferson
Washington and “factionalism”
About principles, about personalities
The Democrats and Whigs
Jacksonian Democracy and the extension of the Franchise
Spoils system
Civil war
Origins of Modern Parties
Post civil war U.S.
Party “machines”
Social and economic functions of the parties
Modern Parties
Civil service reform
The bureaucratic state
What do parties do?
Gather Power – perpetuate themselves
Coalition forming
Unify politicians across institutions
Elections
Voting and Issue Cue (Information purposes)
Policy formulation and promotion
Structure of Parties
National Committees
On down
The Party in government
Congressional Parties
Ideological Cohesion
Personalities, Ideas, and “national elections”
Presidential Party
President as party leader
Pro-party presidents, triangulation
State party organizations
Governors and Ideology
State party Unity; patronage or ideology
The Modern Parties
The need for money
Money and Politics
Organizing
Republican Organizational Advantages
Grass roots
Small Donations
Specific interests groups
Sundays
Democratic Organizational Advantages
Social Activists
Large Donations (Net-roots)
Specific Groups
Unions
Institutional Advantages
The party in the electorate
Party Identification
Parties as information sources
“Non-partisan”
Sources of party identification
Declining loyalty?
Sources of Identification
Gender
Race and ethnicity
Age
Social and Economic Factors
Religion
Marital Status
Ideology
Third Parties
Greens, Libertarians, Socialists
Reform Party
Reflections of popular will……
Organizational and institutional problems with third parties
Median Voter Theorem