Chapter Nine:
The Bureaucracy (pg 313-341)
What is a Bureaucracy: Weber
Power from the top to the bottom; power flows down
Division of Labor; Specialized workers
Clear Lines of Authority
Goal Orientation
Impersonal
Measured Productivity
How to manage a Bureaucracy: Wilson
Measuring inputs (workers duties)
Measuring outputs (goal oriented)
Four types of bureaucracies
The Original Government
The defense department (Department of war)
The postal system
Others
The Spoils System
The Growth from the Civil War
Army, pensions
Agriculture
The Merit System and the Civil Service
Independent Regulatory Agencies (railroads, Air, etc)
Department of Commerce and Labor (1903/1913)
Twentieth Century Growth
Sixteenth Amendment (Income Tax)
Growth of Regulation
The Great Depression
Regulation of Economy
Make-work programs
WWII
The Increase in Regulations and Regulators
The GI Bill
The Department of Veteran’s Affairs
Mortgages (Freddie Mac; Fannie May)
Workers and Politics
Government Non-Interference in Workers Lives
Workers May not use Govt. Jobs for Partisan Purposes
Who Are the Bureaucrats?
1.8 million
Plus postal service (800,000); Military 1.8 million
Judiciary 35,000 and Congress 30,000
15,000 job classifications
Risk vs. Reward
Comparing Government to private Sector
Post Office
Fedex
UPS
How is it Organized (pg. 328)
Cabinet Agencies
Independent Executive Agencies (NASA)
Government Corporations (Post Office)
Independent Regulatory Agencies (SEC)
How they Work: Who is the Boss?
President
Congress (subcommittees)
Voters
Clients
Interest Groups
Model One: the Iron Triangle
Department of Veteran Affairs
Model Two: Issue Networks
EPA
Making Policy
Action
Regulations
“Title IX”
Wilson: Matrix of Measured Bureaucracies
Measured Inputs; Measured outputs
Accountability
Accountable to who? The Public Interest?
The president
Nominal Head of most Bureaucracies
Executive Orders
The Congress
Police Control and Fire Alarm Control
Appointment Approval; Power of Purse
The Courts